Requirements: 1. Maintain the original format and structure. 2. The translation should be accurate, fluent, and natural. 3. Maintain professionalism and consistency. 4. Only return the translation result; do not add any explanations. Original Text: The Leader in the Anti-Aging Field – AKG (3): How Do Scientific Studies Verify AKG’s Anti-Aging Effects? Authoritative journals and research institutions have confirmed the anti-aging effects of AKG through both animal experiments and clinical trials. Here are some highlights from recent studies: 1. **Extended Lifespan**: A study published in *Nature Metabolism* showed that long-term supplementation with AKG in experimental mice significantly extended their healthy lifespan by about 12%-16%. Additionally, the metabolic health of these mice improved significantly, and levels of aging-related inflammation were greatly reduced. A research article in the *Nature* magazine in 2014 found that AKG, as an intermediate in the TCA cycle, could extend the lifespan of adult C. elegans by approximately 50%. This marked the beginning of AKG’s research as an anti-aging substance. [1] - In 2019, the *Aging* magazine reported that AKG can extend the lifespan of fruit flies by inhibiting mTOR and activating AMPK. [2] - In 2020, two articles in the *Cell Metabolism* journal provided substantial evidence of AKG’s effects in mammalian mice. The studies showed that supplementing the diet of middle-aged mice with calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (CaAKG) increased their survival rate, reduced morbidity, and decreased frailty. It also inhibited chronic inflammation in female mice and induced T cells to secrete IL-10 (which is inversely related to age). [3][4] - A 2021 *Aging* article reviewed the effects of AKG supplements (mainly containing calcium alpha-ketoglutarate) on individuals (28 males and 14 females, with an average age of 63 years). DNA methylation testing was conducted at baseline and at the end of the supplementation period. The results indicated that the biological aging of the individuals was reduced by an average of 8 years. [5] 2. **Improved Physical Condition**: A clinical trial found that individuals taking AKG exhibited significant improvements in physical strength, energy, and immunity. The study also showed that AKG can significantly increase the level of NAD+ in the blood, thereby enhancing cellular repair capabilities. [3] 3. **Slowing Down Cellular Aging**: A 2020 study in *Cell Metabolism* demonstrated that AKG can slow down the aging process of human fibroblasts, improving their division and repair abilities, thus making them appear “younger.” The same study also found that AKG supplements improved various aging-related indicators such as hair color, hearing, gait, and grip strength, indicating its positive effects on the function of cells like fibroblasts. [3] **The Impact of AKG on Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases** [6] References: [1] Chin RM, Fu X, Pai MY, Vergnes L, Hwang H, Deng G, Diep S, Lomenick B, Meli VS, Monsalve GC. (2014). The metabolite α-ketoglutarate extends lifespan by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR. *Nature*. 510:397–401. [2] Yuan Su, Tao Wang, Nan Wu, Diyan Li, Xiaolan Fan, Zhongxian Xu, Shailendra Kumar Mishra, Mingyao Yang. Alpha-ketoglutarate extends Drosophila lifespan by inhibiting mTOR and activating AMPK. *Aging* (Albany NY). 2019. [3] Azar Asadi Shahmirzadi, Daniel Edgar, Chen-Yu Liao. (2020). Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice. *Cell Metabolism*. 32(3):447–456. [4] Timothy W. Rhoads, Rozalyn M. Anderson. (2020). Alpha-Ketoglutarate, the Metabolite that Regulates Aging in Mice. *Cell Metabolism*. 32(3): 323–325. [5] Oleksandr Demidenko, Diogo Barardo, Valery Budovskii, et al. (2021). Rejuvant®, a potential life-extending compound formulation with alpha-ketoglutarate and vitamins, conferred an average 8-year reduction in biological aging after an average of 7 months of use, in the TruAge DNA methylation test. *Aging* (Albany NY). 13(22): 24485–24499. [6] Bibek Gyanwali, Zi Xiang Lim, Janjira Soh, Clarissa Lim, Shou Ping Guan, Jorming Goh, Andrea B. Maier, and Brian K. Kennedy. (2022). Alpha-Ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans. *Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism*, February 2022, Vol. 33, No. 2