**Requirements:** 1. Maintain the original format and structure. 2. The translation should be accurate, fluent, and natural. 3. Maintain professionalism and consistency. 4. Only return the translation result; do not add any explanations. **Original Text:** An important paper affecting the entire field of biological research was published in the international top scientific journal *Cell*, discussing the manifestations of cellular aging. The researchers divided cellular aging into three parts: **The twelve characteristics of aging:** - **Blue part (also the main characteristics):** These are markers of underlying damage, indicating that the components within the cell have been damaged. Examples include genomic instability in the nucleus, epigenetic changes, telomere erosion, loss of protein homeostasis, and diminished autophagy capacity. - **Yellow part (also known as antagonistic characteristics):** These are markers of regulatory imbalances, indicating that the cell’s functions are abnormal. For instance, mitochondria are not functioning as they should, there are disturbances in nutrient sensing, and the cell is aging. These three characteristics are reversible, and their effects may reverse with age. - **Red part (also known as comprehensive characteristics):** These are markers of overall cellular aging, indicating changes in the microenvironment in which the cell is located. Examples include stem cell depletion, chronic inflammation, altered cell-to-cell communication, and ecological imbalance. These four characteristics are more specific and directly cause aging; together, they determine the rate of aging. Aging is a natural life process that all organisms undergo. At a microscopic level, aging essentially refers to the aging of cells. As we age, more and more aging cells accumulate, leading to the decline in the functions of various organs and systems in the body, and even the emergence of a range of aging-related diseases. Whether we like it or not, we are all gradually aging. Especially after the age of 30, the rate of aging seems to speed up, and our bodies experience changes in senses, cognition, and physical functions. The skin loses its elasticity and develops wrinkles; we become out of breath with even slight exercise, experience hair loss, go gray, and have a decline in memory. At the same time, we also become more susceptible to illnesses, all of which are manifestations of aging. **How to combat aging at the cellular level:** If we choose to take proactive interventions and adopt scientific measures for effective anti-aging, we can maintain our bodily functions in a better state for a longer period: 1. **Diet:** A balanced diet is also very important for cellular anti-aging. It is recommended to consume foods rich in antioxidants, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and nuts, and reduce the intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods. 2. **Exercise:** Moderate exercise can promote blood circulation, enhance cell vitality, and delay aging. Both aerobic exercise and strength training help maintain muscle mass and bone health. 3. **Sleep:** Ensuring adequate sleep is essential for cell repair and regeneration. Good sleep quality promotes the secretion of growth hormones, which has a positive effect on cellular anti-aging. 4. **Supplementation with key nutrients:** Providing cells with necessary nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, helps maintain their normal functions and delay aging. For example, the AKG series of products can activate longevity proteins and promote cell self-repair. 5. **Cellular therapies:** Stem cell therapy, immune cell therapy, etc. **The excellent effects of AKG on cellular anti-aging:** - **Promoting cellular energy metabolism and enhancing mitochondrial function:** AKG is an important intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and is involved in the cell’s energy metabolism. It can improve mitochondrial function and increase the amount of ATP within cells, providing more energy and delaying cellular aging caused by energy deficiencies. - **Regulating metabolic pathways:** By inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway and the expression of ATP synthases, AKG can adjust the cell’s metabolic state, bringing it closer to the metabolic pattern observed under calorie restriction. This metabolic pattern has been proven to have anti-aging effects. - **Antioxidant action:** AKG has strong antioxidant properties. It can directly destroy the molecular structure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduce its oxidative toxicity, and diminish its ability to form more toxic free radicals. - **Enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defense system:** Supplementing with AKG can activate the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system and increase the synthesis of heat shock proteins HSP60 and HSP90, thereby enhancing the cell’s antioxidant and metabolic immune capabilities. - **Maintaining cell structure and function:** AKG protects the integrity of the cell membrane, prevents lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane, and maintains the stability of the intracellular environment. - **Promoting collagen synthesis:** AKG helps enhance collagen synthesis, increases skin elasticity, reduces wrinkles, and improves skin quality. - **Regulating intracellular calcium ion concentration:** AKG can reduce cellular calcium overload and prevent cell damage caused by high calcium ion concentrations. - **Promoting cellular autophagy and repair:** AKG activates autophagy-related signaling pathways to remove damaged cell components and maintains cellular health. It also stimulates the expression of longevity genes such as FoxO, DAF-16, and SIRT, inhibits the activation of inflammation-related NF-κB signaling pathways, reduces pro-inflammatory factors, and slows the rate of inflammatory aging. - **Regulating gene expression and epigenetics:** As an important substrate for demethylase enzymes, AKG can effectively reduce the methylation levels of DNA and histones, reversing epigenetic and functional aging. - **Activating longevity genes:** AKG can activate various longevity genes, such as those that regulate blood sugar, stabilize blood pressure, inhibit cancer cells, and enhance immunity. Let’s take proactive steps to combat aging, extend our healthy lifespan through proper maintenance, and maintain a good state through scientific interventions. I hope that in the future, both you and I will be able to: - Maintain flexibility and strength at the age of 50, - Be full of energy at the age of 60, - Have a rosy complexion at the age of 70... **References:** [1] López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2023). *Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe.* *Cell*. López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013). *The hallmarks of aging.* *Cell*, 153(6), 1194–1217. Zhavoronkov A, Li R, Ma C, Mamoshina P (2019). *Deep biomarkers of aging and longevity: from research to applications.* *Aging (Albany NY)*. doi: 10.18632/aging.102475.