**Uses:** 1. **Energy Metabolism:** As an intermediate product in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, it participates in the production of energy within cells. Through this cycle, nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are oxidized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), providing energy for the cells and aiding in the enhancement of physical strength and endurance as well as the reduction of feelings of fatigue. 2. **Amino Acid Metabolism:** It is involved in the transformation and metabolism of amino acids. It undergoes transamination reactions with amino acids to produce new amino acids or α-keto acids, thereby regulating the balance and utilization of amino acids. It can also serve as a substrate for amino acid oxidation, contributing to the oxidative metabolism of amino acids and producing energy and carbon dioxide, which is crucial for maintaining amino acid homeostasis and protein metabolism in the body. 3. **Antioxidant Effect:** Acting as an antioxidant, it can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. 4. **Immune System Regulation:** It can modulate the function of the immune system, promote the activation and proliferation of immune cells, and enhance the body's resistance to diseases and infections. 5. **Other:** It is used as a nutritional supplement for athletes, improving energy metabolism efficiency and reducing the risk of ammonia toxicity, thereby enhancing muscle function and recovery times. Clinical studies have shown that it can lower blood pressure, lipid levels, and blood sugar levels, improve vascular function, promote neurotransmitter synthesis, and support cognitive functions. It may also have potential therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Long-term supplementation can reduce skin oxidative damage, maintain collagen levels, and slow down the formation of wrinkles.